Argument Essay Examples - What To Expect From An Ad Hominem Argument Essay Sample

Argument Essay Examples - What To Expect From An Ad Hominem Argument Essay SampleThe Ad hominem is a critical part of the Ad Hominem argument essay. It is in fact a direct attack on the very definition of a person.This type of character attack is often used to trash the person or group that makes such a point and is an indirect way of trying to discredit their claims. You can see this in any type of job-related situation or political speech. If you have ever seen a politician attack a spouse, co-worker, parent, child, or anyone else they are about to attack, you have seen this type of technique being used. After all, how do you back down from something like that?As a consequence, the Ad Hominem argument essay sample may include the following characteristics: the only thing that matters to him is his personal feelings, he never makes a personal connection with you, and you will never agree with his views because he is out to get you. I have seen many proofs that this works. They hope that the reader will not recognize the attacks as a lie, but will assume that he truly believes what he is saying.Another one is that he has a strong conviction and lacks the capacity to see the argument from your point of view. Remember that this is what we are going for. We are after emotions and the ability to get the reader to come to his own conclusions, based on his opinions.It also gives you the chance to attack someone on an extreme angle. The ad hominem attack may also be used in the public speaking. In a speech you can go from attacking a person to attacking the person himself.If you use these tactics correctly, then you are looking for a strong emotion. It will be emotional in the same way that a person would fall in love. Sothe audience will either be easily swayed or they will not believe what you are saying.If you do this correctly, it will work well. Of course it would not work so well if you were trying to persuade them to agree with you or get them to do what you wa nt.

Characteristics of an Ideal Entrepreneur Essay - 1953 Words

What an Entrepreneur Is An entrepreneur is a person who finds it worth risking, especially in term of his or her finances, in a particular project with a hope of introducing new related ventures that will culminate into visible success financially (Foley, 2006). Sometimes, an entrepreneur can also be taken to mean a person who is in the verge of organizing a virtually new project and targeting to use previously unused channels after discovering a hidden opportunity in the eyes of others. Evidently, in both cases, there is a risk factor and therefore maximum care and guided moves are things to take care of first. More often than not, the term entrepreneur is employed in a business context. Some other people argue that entrepreneurship is†¦show more content†¦Examples are coming up with a technology that reduces costs in terms of inputs, researching on cheaper marketing while expanding the market boundaries, introducing a new and effective management modes and rebranding of the products or services offered by the venture. An entrepreneur works independently in most cases. He therefore needs to be self contented with information in all areas of concern (Fuller et al, 1999). A wide scope of knowledge in terms of social factors of the community in which, his or her ventures revolves, the political limitations plus local council regulations, demographic pattern and structures for the estimation of the potential market limits, and the external environment (global market availability issues) for the expansion of the business, are core fields that an ambitious entrepreneur need to be fully armed with. In terms of financial base, an entrepreneur has to independently be resourceful basing on the fact that there is always a risk factor. Optimism is another requirement. Not many people will afford risking. Accepting a risk takes a person with an inherent optimistic and non-giving up heart in the background (Dyer Handler, 1994). Optimism is a virtue in the business context and a tool towards success (Eden Ackermann, 1998). However, optimism is expressed to the internal self and makes seemingly immovable barriers lack their effectiveness. One is bound byShow MoreRelatedThe Practice Of Entrepreneurship Through Time And The Global Enterprise1642 Words   |  7 Pagesoverarching goal of holistic success and autonomy (Arthur Hisrich, 2011). The entrepreneur exudes behaviors which foster initiative, orchestrate options, and accept responsibility for the success or failure (Arthur Hisrich, 2011). Entrepreneurship has transformed the global marketplace and imprinted all disciplines. Therefore, a balanced discussion on identifying features, characteristics, and venues of consequence for an entrepreneur will drive the dire ction of this analysis. Identifying PersonalityRead MoreSkills Required For A Successful Entrepreneur1157 Words   |  5 PagesThe list of skills required to become a successful entrepreneur is not definitive, as researchers can only suggest the skills they believe should be developed. William L. Smith (2007) believes that there is a particular set of seventeen skills required to become a successful entrepreneur, the skills can be divided into four categories: Technical skills, managerial skills, entrepreneurial skills and personal maturity skills. This, however, is not the only list of entrepreneurial skills available;Read MoreBiography Of Joseph Schumpeter ( 1883-1950 )933 Words   |  4 Pageslectured until his death. He published numerous books including the Theory of Economics (1911) and Business Cycles (1939). From very early, he focused his study on the role of innovation in economic and social change. Also, he explored the duty of the entrepreneur for successful innovations (Fagerberg 2006). The e ssay explores Schumpeter’s legacy with respect to both understanding entrepreneurship and innovation and application of that understanding. Entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship is an organized effortRead MoreThe Importance of Entrepreneurship Essay1180 Words   |  5 PagesEntrepreneurship Term Paper â€Å"Entrepreneur is defined as a person who starts a business and is willing to risk loss in order to make money.† (Merriam-Webster.com) Since before the Great Recession, economists have recognized how important entrepreneurship is to the health of the U.S. economy. (Strangler) â€Å"There are four benefits to the U.S. from entrepreneurs risk-filled but successful efforts. Entrepreneurs (1) use innovations to improve the quality of life, (2) create new jobs, (3) improveRead MoreSocial Entrepreneurship And Social Innovation1502 Words   |  7 Pagesneed to produce social value by instilling various behaviours and attitudes on an individualistic level. Dees has accurately defined the exact characteristics of general entrepreneurial behaviour in the definition. I feel that this is the most ideal definition of social entrepreneurship as there is a perfect blend of the required entrepreneurial characteristics and it also mentions how to create social value. All the points of having a mission statement, being relentlessly persuasive to fulfil thatRead MoreThe System Of Reciprocity And Its Impact On Society s Perception Of The Society1225 Words   |  5 Pagesultimately negatively impacted society’s perception of these entrepreneurs. Due to factors of gr eed, inflation, competition, and the desire for financial stability, the introduction of currency has shrewd the system of reciprocity and therefore given entrepreneurs a negative reputation. As a common misconception, society perceives entrepreneurs as revenue driven. Before currency existed, people only acted using reciprocity, a characteristic of human nature. In these situations, items would be tradedRead MoreOverview Of Methodologies. Effectuation . Effectual Reasoning1615 Words   |  7 Pagesutilizing these means. (Sarasvathy, n.d.). One approach is not better than the other. A skilled entrepreneur uses both methods depending on the circumstances (Sarasvathy, n.d.). Effectuation is a logic of thinking that requires entrepreneurs to constantly be making decisions and taking action (â€Å"What is effectuation?† 2011). No one can predict the future; however, effectual thinking is a way for entrepreneurs to control an unpredictable environment (â€Å"What is effectuation?† 2011). This framework of thinkingRead MoreThe Concept Of An Entrepreneurship1345 Words   |  6 Pagesto create and operate new businesses and an entrepreneur as a person with positive, forward-thinking desire to create profitable, sustainable business enterprise. According to this definition, a small business owner could definitely be classed as an entrepreneur, as anyone who runs and owns their own business is taking risks with their finances every day of trading. However, this definition is not enough because it only shows one trait of the entrepreneur s personality and behavioral patterns, whichRead MoreEntrepreneurial Leadership Essay examples1585 Words   |  7 Pagesand its use, and vision (Tarabishy 2002). Steve Case, James Kouzes, and Peter Drucker have attributes that exemplifies entrepreneurial leadership. All men are Captains of industry and are entrepreneurs, innovators, and business leaders who have varying ideas on leadership. But they all have common ideals that make them entrepreneurial leaders. Steve Case, the former CEO and Chairman of AOL, is the person behind the idea of the 3 P’s – People, Passion, and Perseverance. James Kouzes, a well-renownedRead MoreIndi An Emerging Economy Country1723 Words   |  7 Pagesfresh talent, young individuals and entrepreneurs. Having said that, corruption is an epidemic gashing into India s economic well-being, since people don’t make enough money for a living and with tedious regulations, people follow the easy way out of bribery. According to statistics provided by International Monetary Fund, India had a Current Account deficit of $50,000 million and a poverty as a percentage of population is still about 24%. The characteristics that the World Bank avails to define

Business Strategy in a Global Environment A Capstone...

Business Strategy in a Global Environment: A Capstone Project that Integrates Ethical and Cross-Cultural Considerations Submitted by Catherine Giapponi Management Department Charles F. Dolan School of Business Fairfield University 1073 North Benson Road Fairfield, CT. 06824 cgiapponi@fairfield.edu Carl Scheraga Management Department Charles F. Dolan School of Business Fairfield University 1073 North Benson Road Fairfield, CT. 06824 cscheraga@fairfield.edu ABSTRACT Undergraduate and graduate capstone courses at business schools are designed to integrate student knowledge and learning across all disciplines. Many capstone projects focus on U.S. corporations, with specific emphasis on the integration of†¦show more content†¦Just as Kachra and Schnietz (2008) indicate deficiencies in pedagogies that foster practical integration skills, Greiner, Bhambri and Cummings (2003) contend that there is neglect of practical strategic management skill training in MBA programs. Further, they indicate that the lack of â€Å"learning by doing† in business schools has created a gap between â€Å"thinking and acting† in leading organizations (Greiner, et. al, 2003, 404). The authors contend that there has been a shift away from â€Å"integration and practice† toward â€Å"theory and analysis† (Greiner, et. al, 2003, 406). The capstone project described in this paper is designed to link both the theory and practice dimensions of business strategy through an emphasis on both content and process. Students are expected to apply relevant theories in their analysis but also build â€Å"action† skills through strategic decision making and the development of recommendations for future strategy in the context of a â€Å"real time† situation. Kachra and Schneitz (2008) contend that cases must be â€Å"sufficiently rich† in order to develop students’ practical integration skills. The study of the U.S. internet companies’ business strategies in China is complex and rich and fosters the development of theoretical, applied and practical integration skills. Beyond the integration of cross-functional considerations in strategic decision making, the global project requires that studentsShow MoreRelatedNature of Strategic Management13243 Words   |  53 Pagesfor Effective Strategic Management Business Ethics and Strategic Management Comparing Business and Military Strategy The Nature of Global Competition CHAPTER OBJECTIVES After studying this chapter, you should be able to do the following: 1. Describe the strategic-management process. 2. Explain the need for integrating analysis and intuition in strategic management. 3. Define and give examples of key terms in strategic management. 4. 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Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesSingapore Taipei Tokyo Editorial Director: Sally Yagan Director of Editorial Services: Ashley Santora Acquisitions Editor: Brian Mickelson Editorial Project Manager: Sarah Holle Editorial Assistant: Ashlee Bradbury VP Director of Marketing: Patrice Lumumba Jones Senior Marketing Manager: Nikki Ayana Jones Senior Managing Editor: Judy Leale Production Project Manager: Becca Groves Senior Operations Supervisor: Arnold Vila Operations Specialist: Cathleen Petersen Senior Art Director: Janet Slowik ArtRead MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pages22/10/2007 11:54 Page 599 Guide to using the case studies The main text of this book includes 87 short illustrations and 15 case examples which have been chosen to enlarge speciï ¬ c issues in the text and/or provide practical examples of how business and public sector organisations are managing strategic issues. The case studies which follow allow the reader to extend this linking of theory and practice further by analysing the strategic issues of speciï ¬ c organisations in much greater depth –Read MoreMm-Chapter 1-3 Dawn Iacobucci17854 Words   |  72 Pagesinteractive analytical online tools, such as marketing simulations. ARE YOU IN? WORK Publish the student-tested, faculty-approved teaching and learning solution. MM2 covers all core Marketing Management topics to provide a solid foundation. The business magazine design of MM2 resonates well with today’s active and fast-paced learners. ARE YOU KIDDING? REST Our research never ends! Continual feedback from students ensures that we keep up with their changing needs. 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Marketing and Online Consumer Activity †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Marketing and Online Consumer Activity. Answer: Introduction Marketing is a method of promoting the business or selling the products in the customer domain. However, marketing related social activities is a crucial approach to supporting people in with special needs (Parry and Kawakami 2017). This study deals with the marketing strategies of Brotherhood Books that is situated in the Australia. Brotherhood Books is a well known Australian organization that sales second handed books that are donated in the social enterprises. This organization aims to promote the high quality of books. However, this organization provides books to the customers in order to solve their different issues and money that is generated from the selling of the book is distributed by such organization to resolve various issues within the community. Hence, this organization is associated with the social work by taking different marketing strategies. This recent paper deals with the macro and micro environmental analysis of Brother Books and their marketing strategies will be addressed in this report. The macroeconomic environment deals with a quick analysis of the political, economic, social, and technological aspects of the environment provided to book selling industry for its operation. Thus, the PEST analysis of Brotherhood Books mentioned below: There is a GST imposition on the purchase of consumer goods from overseas. Books purchased from overseas store not subjected to the Australian Goods and Service Tax. Therefore, overseas firm charges 10% less for similar items (Aharony 2012). Then there is parallel importation where he Australian booksellers allowed making bulk purchases from rights holders of Australia and not making cheaper purchases from overseas supplier. This in a way hampers increasing the price of the products available locally thereby affecting the overall competitiveness of the stores in Australia compared to the overseas store online. Thus for the past five years the economic climate has not been favorable for the print book selling industry in Australia. Such unfavorable conditions characterized by instability in global markets, weaker economic conditions prevailing globally, fall in the consumer confidence and lesser spending. During this time, the luxury of reading books was taking over by other means of entertainment and media options (Gould 2013). Books made available through less expensive means through local library or illegal version through online. The Australian dollar also remained strong that enabled customer to make purchase from stores online. The lesser spending on books led to a price cut for capturing market share thereby resulting in poor economic performance. Although it is an individual pursuit but book reading can also be an activity perceived socially amongst people having shared interest. However from the perspective of demographics, the population of Australia is booming and there has been an increase in a significant number of baby boomers entering the retirement phase (Reed 2013). Moreover, due to the access to superannuation compulsorily the retirees are therefore more financially independent. This implies that with extra leisure time in hand there will be an increase in demand for the physical books from this section of the population. There has been a significant impact of technology on the print bookselling industry. The immediate impact of the emergence of technology has seen the boom of the e Commerce that facilitated the online sale of the books(Joshi, Singh and Sidhu 2012). The technology has also made availability of electronic book and audio book possible that in a way threatened the existence of the print. These products made available to the Australians via the availability of the internet. Micro environmental analysis The micro environmental analysis reveals the internal strength and weakness of the organization. Therefore, the stakeholder analysis is also categorized under the micro environmental analysis. Customer needs are one of the vital elements of the micro environment. However, for the books shop it is crucial to understand the customer need (Bright 2017). Customers want the quality books and enriched stock. Brotherhood Books needs to understand the current demand and choice of the customers to enhance their sales revenue. This organization offers books through online that enables their customers to access their service easily and quickly. Therefore, they offer high-quality books as the quality of the product is the core area of purchasing behavior of the customer. Performance refers to the business performance of an organization that is dependent on the employment of the organization. However, more employee engagement is associated with more performance (Sinha and Sheth 2017). In the context of Brotherhood Books, the employees are highly trained to maximize their performance. Therefore, this organization offers excellent customer service. However, this organization provides financial books that provide knowledge to the managers of different business organizations to maximize their company performance. On the other hand, stories regarding the real organizations are included the books of such organization, which insists the business owners buy their products and this maximizes the sales revenue generation of such organization. The modern trend in the book industry focuses on the online availability of the books industry. However, business is running with the modern technology and it is not different in the case of book industry (Rezaei, Wee and Valaei 2017). According to the current market trend, people prefer e-book, audio book. A large number of the e-reader is present in the market. Hence, for this reason, Brotherhood Book industry needs to use social media marketing and online marketing to enhance the availability of their products. Competitors analysis is essential for the every business organization to achieve competitive advantages in the market (Willis 2016). However, competitor analysis enables the organization to understand the strategy of the competitors and their market position. Hence, in the case of Brotherhood Books Bloomsbury and Pantera Press are their strongest competitors in Australia. Such two organizations provide quality book with reasonable price. Hence, it is important for Brotherhood Book to understand the business strategy of their competitors to achieve competitive advantage in the market. Business performance Business performance of the book industry is related to the operating system of an organization and its sales revenue (Hviid, MIzquierdo Sanchez and Jacques 2016). Brotherhood Books has the capability to alter their marketing strategy according to the current market demand. On the other hand, they have prompt delivery of their product to the market. Therefore, this organization offers online products to the customers through eBook. This has reduced their operation cost and enhances their profitability. They have enriched stock and more than 100000 collections of different types of the book especially the trade books. However, they provide second handed books and the profit that is generated from the sales is utilized in the social work. According to the annual report of 2015-2016 Brotherhood Book has achieved high progress in their sales. This enables them to achieve their goals and high-quality service to their customers (www.bsl.org.au 2017). The company has to spend a lesser amount of money for carrying on its operations since there are several individual and volunteering entities that carry out the operation without any compensation for money (Ashwini, Singh, and Power 2013). The volunteer also provide assistance for charity programs through competitive cost setting of products that will not only increase revenue but also extends the amount of donations. Brotherhood Books has developed an excellent reputation and brand image for its products. The operation focuses on the promotion of social awareness and addressing various social and environmental issues (Shams 2015). The company creates a brand image in a way that if the consumers bring their product then money accumulated spent on reduction of carbon level footprints, donation to charity programs and creation of employment opportunities. The company has a high level of customer loyalty through delivery of high quality products and services, on-time delivery and necessary customer assistance (Coelho and Henseler, 2012). There are a number of people across nations who not only donates rare but at the same time several rare documents to Brotherhood Books which are not put up for sale immediately. Therefore, in this manner the company is able to create a particular customer base interested in products that are rare. The distribution of the books is only restricted to Australian regions and not globally. Moreover, their physical store has its location in Melbourne only (Lu and Seo 2015.). Thus, there is a restriction or limitation on the distribution of the products by the company. The company receives a lot of donation in the form of books from a large number of people that are previously used. Therefore, the availability of used or second hand products may not be able to arouse interest in customers. The company has a huge opportunity to attract a large number of consumers since in recent times there has been a sale of the physical books and fall in sales of the e books. Thus, the company should focus more on product development and broader marketing (Mitchelmore and Rowley 2013.) Marketing and Promotion on Social Media Platforms Nowadays, increasing number of customers are inclined to social networking site so the company must focus on interesting, attractive, frequent and comprehensive campaigns and promotions for drawing in more customers through marketing(Bruhn, Schoenmueller and Schfer 2012). The company should also target venturing the global market through availability to delivery of books to customers globally. This will not only enhance the consumer base but will also extend the brand image and help in creating more profits. More people are engaged in their professions and they hardly find any time for reading physical books. This is a threat to the business in the context of preceding its operation through engaging and attracting customers and thereby generating money for charitable purpose. This has been a time when the lives of the people transformed by the impact of digitization. Therefore, increasing number of individuals is using digitized materials for learning purpose (Sabbagh et. al 2012). The availability of options to ease accessibility and opportunities for multi-tasking attract consumers for using apps or tools for accessing e books instead of physical books. This results in a fall of sales and huge downfall of business experience. Target Market Analysis and Segmentation The Financial and Non-Financial Objectives are as follows: (1) Brotherhood books have actively engaged in solutions in digital space thereby creating better facilities of readability in times of technology. (2) Booksellers have actively found solutions thereby allowing people to use their device of choice and make the purchase accordingly. (3) They have also initiated web based landing pages through active e commerce sites to enhance more readability and enhance their profits. (4) Brotherhood Books have made their presence being felt at various social media platforms like Face book and Twitter so that increasing number of people become aware of their presence. (5) Booksellers expect an ability to operate in an economy that believes on anti-competitive behavior. (6) Booksellers want to be part of industry that undertakes operation in educational and cultural space, the entertainment space and as small businesses that contributes to the economy through various communities of Australia. Value based positioning Value based positioning is based on the choice of service rather than the consumer segmentation (Ryan 2016). Firms those offer specific types of books get sub segment in the market. Market segmentation is determined through the value based positioning in the context of Brotherhood Book. The product, price, place, and promotion are the four components that are associated with the value based positioning. The product is the major component of a business and it may tangible or intangible service that meets the needs of the customers (Weedon 2017). However, Brotherhood Books sales trade books especially those are the beneficial business owner. Therefore, they offer eBook service that covers a large population in the market. However, implementation in the product categories as for example, offering academic book can be beneficial for such organization to enhance their customers and getting a good position in market Price is another area of the marketing strategy as based on which the sales revenue of an organization increase or decreases (Greco 2013). Hence, the determination of the price leaves a great impact on the organizational profitability, marketing strategy and the supply demand. An organization gets the position in the market based on their pricing. Brotherhood Book follows market penetrating strategy that enables them to get a valuable position in the existing and especially in the new market by increasing their sales. Providing high-quality price with reasonable rate is an important pricing approach that leads an organization to achieve a strong position in the market. A proper marketing needs putting the quality product with right price at the right place (Srinivasan, Rutz and Pauwels 2016). However, it is often hard to select the right position to promote the products from where the customers can easily access the product of service of an organization. Hence, selection of the right place for the product distribution will be effective for Brotherhood Books to transform their potential consumer into the actual consumer. On the other hand, online engagement of the customers is an alternative way for Brotherhood Books as it gives them right platform to sell their products. A large number of customers from different geographical regions can access their product of such organization with the easy transaction via the internet. Promotion is important after setting of product, price and the correct place (Lu, Zhu and Dukes 2015). Promotion includes the distribution of the product information to the customers by using various media. Advertising, social media marketing, conducting cultural events and email marketing are the popular ways of product promotion. Brotherhood uses advertising process through pamphlet, leaflet, and poster. Therefore, they often promote their products in the cultural events as it is a good platform for them to communicate with a large population and to share their vision of their business that is associated with the social work. As a result, they easily attract the customer attention and sale their product. Apart from that using social media marketing will be effective for such organization to promote their business online and it will allow them to obtain a valuable position in the competitive market by increasing their sales and popularity. The Business Model and Partners The Brotherhood Books follow a business plan strategy especially meant for bookstores .The partners of Brotherhood Books includes companies like GL, Australian Industry Group, Australian Post, Australian Super, Benetas, Australian Unity, Carlton Football Club, Bunnings, Citrix, Carlton Football Club, Commonwealth Bank of Australia, Deloitte Touche Tohmatsu, Complex Security Pty Ltd, Dome Security, Food Bank Victoria, Energy Efficiency Council, GHD, Fun City BF, Ktena Knitting Mills, Hudsons Famous, Lander Rogers Lawyers, Maddocks, Loving Earth, Majestic Cleaning, Masters Home Improvement (Carrum Downs), National Australia Bank, Naturform, Pitcher Partners, Pacific Brands, Recycling is Fun, Ricoh Australia, Rigby Cooke, Scalzo Food Industries, Spotless, St Vincents and Mercy Private Hospitals, Suncorp, Three Pillars,Superior Healthcare,Unified Security Group,WorkSafe Victoria, Yarra Valley Water (Banks 2013) . Conclusion The entire study is associated with the business strategy of Brotherhood Books, which is a second handed book seller and utilize their profit in various social works. However, such organization mainly focuses on the selling of trade books and they have the large inventory with a variety of collection. Therefore, the SWOT, micro and macro environmental analysis of such company reveals it current strength, weakness and market positioning. References: Aharony, N., 2012. Twitter use by three political leaders: an exploratory analysis. Online Information Review, 36(4), pp.587-603. Ashwini Nand, A., Singh, P.J. and Power, D., 2013. Testing an integrated model of operations capabilities: an empirical study of Australian airlines. International Journal of Operations Production Management, 33(7), pp.887-911. Banks, M., 2013. Our people. Generation Palestine. London: Pluto. Bright, A.C., 2017. 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Position auctions with budget constraints: Implications for advertisers and publishers.Marketing Science,34(6), pp.897-905. Lu, Y. and Seo, H.B., 2015. Developing visibility analysis for a retail store: a pilot study in a bookstore. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 42(1), pp.95-109. Mitchelmore, S. and Rowley, J., 2013. Entrepreneurial competencies of women entrepreneurs pursuing business growth. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 20(1), pp.125-142. Parry, M.E. and Kawakami, T., 2017. Why e-readers succeeded as a disruptive innovation in the US, but not in Japan.LSE Business Review. Reed, R., 2013. The contribution of social area analysis: modelling house price variations at the neighbourhood level in Australia. International journal of housing markets and analysis, 6(4), pp.455-472. Rezaei, S., Wee, C.H. and Valaei, N., 2017. Essential of Apps Marketing Implementation and E-Commerce Strategies: Apps Users' Decision-Making Process. InApps Management and E-Commerce Transactions in Real-Time, pp. 141-158. Ryan, D., 2016.Understanding digital marketing: marketing strategies for engaging the digital generation. Kogan Page Publishers. Sabbagh, K., Friedrich, R., El-Darwiche, B., Singh, M., Ganediwalla, S.A.N.D.E.E.P. and Katz, R.A.U.L., 2012. Maximizing the impact of digitization. The global information technology report, pp.121-133. Shams, S.R., 2015. Stakeholders perceptions and reputational antecedents: a review of stakeholder relationships, reputation and brand positioning. Journal of Advances in Management Research, 12(3), pp.314-329. Sinha, M. and Sheth, J., 2017. Growing the pie in emerging markets: Marketing strategies for increasing the ratio of non-users to users.Journal of Business Research. Srinivasan, S., Rutz, O.J. and Pauwels, K., 2016. Paths to and off purchase: quantifying the impact of traditional marketing and online consumer activity.Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science,44(4), pp.440-453. Weedon, A., 2017.Victorian Publishing: The Economics of Book Production for a Mass Market 1836-1916. Routledge. Willis, C., 2016.An assessment of the marketing capabilities of trade book publishers in South Africa, pp.67-456. www.bsl.org.au. 2017.Brotherhood Books. [online] Available at: https://www.bsl.org.au/about/social-enterprises/brotherhood-books/ [Accessed 25 Aug. 2017].